1. WESTERN BLOTTING METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN GNATHOSTOMIASIS IN VIETNAM
Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc, Nguyen Thu Huong,
Nguyen Thi Huong Binh, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen, Tran Thanh Duong.
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
Abstract
Gnathostomiasis is a zoonotic parasitosis endemic in many Asian and some Latin American countries. The first case of gnathostomiasis in Vietnam was a four years old only from Tay Ninh province. In recent years, gnathostomiasis has emerged as a Neglected tropical disease in Vietnam especially in the Central and the South of Vietnam. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis relies largely on serologic tests, with a G. spinigerum- antigen-based immunoblot currently being the diagnostic method of choice. In this study, the Western blot exhibited quite high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) and it should be a reliable method for diagnosis of human gnathostomiasis.
Keywords: human Gnathostomiasis, Western blot, Vietnam
2. HIGH RISK FACTORS OF CONSUMING RAW PORK ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN TRICHINOSIS IN RURAL MOUNTAINOUS PROVINCES
Nguyen Thi Hong Lien1, Nguyen Thu Huong1,3, Nguyen Hong Ngoc1,
Le Thi Hong Hanh2, Luong Mai Anh4 ,Tran Thanh Duong1,3
1 National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Viet Nam,
2 National Hospital of Pediatrics, 3 FETP Viet Nam,
4 Health Environment Management Agency, MoH
Abstract
Trichinellosis is an important food borne parasitic zoonosis caused by nematodes in the world. From 1970 to 2013, six outbreaks of trichinellosis have been documented in four mountainous provinces of North Vietnam. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of association of individual factors with current human Trichinellosis in endemic areas. Baseline cross-sectional data collected between May 2015 and June 2016 from a large community randomized-control trial were used. We interviewed a total of 4,362 individuals who provided serum samples to assess ELISA assay to detect anti-Trichinella immunoglobulin G. The association between individual factors and the prevalence of current infection with Trichinellosis was analyzed by Stata 12.0. The results obtained suggest that increased age, being male and consuming pork as well as a larger proportion of roaming pigs were associated with higher prevalences of infection. Furthermore, consuming pork at another village market had the highest increased prevalence odds of current infection. A survey of trichinellosis seroprevalence in these five districts showed the disease to be associated with consuming raw pork (OR=2.84, p<0.05). Seroprevalence was estimated with 95% confidence and was in the range 0% - 10.5%. It should be improved to control on trichinellosis in the rural community, the factors identified as influencing its maintenance in the study areas must be communicated to the local administrative organizations and veterinary in public health.
Keywords: human trichinellosis, ELISA, interview
3. A RARE HUMAN CASES OF PULMONARY CYSTIC ECHINOCOCOSIS IN CHILDREN
Le Thi Hong Hanh et al.
National Hospital of Pediatrics
Abstract
Invasion of the human lungs by the larvae of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus (pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, PCE) is an incapacitating disease frequently found across a wide geographic range involving Europe, Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The PCE is still a rare disease in Viet Nam. We reported an eleventh years old child diagnosed of PCE early by imaging, EO leukocyte and serology. He had a large cyst in the lower lobe of right lung. He was treated with albendazol 400mg per day in 4 weeks to reduce the chance of seeding and recurrence, then surgeon performed lobectomy and the patient continued using albendazol in two months
4. EVALUATION OF ORAL ARTESUNATE MONOTHERAPY ARE CIRCULATED IN THE MARKET OF SOME CENTRAL HIGHLAND PROVINCES OF VIET NAM IN 2015
Huynh Hong Quang1, Nguyễn Đức Giang2, Le Thi Hong Hanh3
1Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology Quy Nhon,
2 National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology,
3 National Hospital of Pediatrics
Abstract
Artemisinin monotherapy was not recommmented in national guidelines for malaria treatment in artemisinin resistance context. Hence, if continuously used, it is a contributing factor to resistance. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 5 selected provinces. A total of 538 pharmacy shops were surveyed, 0.56% pharmacies had sold oral artesunate monotherapy (Quang Tri & Ninh Thuan). Both of them had the same log number of 012013, registered number of VD-13186-10, manufacture date of 14th Nov. 2012, expiry date of 14th Mar. 2016, and origin of Amerpharco JSC. The result of drug quality verification was gained good criteria by basic inspection and thin layer chromatography method. Most of the pharmacies knew the reasons of the withdrawal of artesunate monotherapy from the market, such as a ban from the pharmaceutical administration, ministru of health (92.64%) or artemisisnins resistance (95.01%). Many pharmacy sellers had advised customers to go to the local health station (58.67%), and take blood test before coming to the health station to receive the drug (9.26%). With above results, functional agencies need to take further steps and make strong punishment if artesunate monotherapy is still “floating” in the market.
Keywords: oral artesunate monotherapy, artemisinin resistance.
5. DENTAL HEALTH STATUS AND A NEED FOR TREATMENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN STAFF FROM THE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING DESIGN INCORPORATION
Pham Thi Thu Hien et al.
National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology
Abstract
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 597 staff from the Transport Engineering Design Incorporation - Ministry of Transport in 2014 with the objective of identifying the dental health status and a need for treatment of dental caries, and investigating some risk factors for dental caries. The results showed that the rate of tooth decay in the study subjects was 49.4%; DMFT index was 2 with an average of 1.53 decayed teeth per person. Some factors closely related with tooth decay were not brushing teeth after meals, not brushing teeth in the morning, not gargling after consuming sweets, and improper brushing techniques. Other factors such as age, sex, having fizzy drinks, smoking, and drinking beer or alcohol were found to have no statistically significant association with dental caries. It is recommended that communication and education on oral hygiene for staff of the Transport Engineering Design Incorporation should be conducted so they can be aware of and have proper oral hygiene practices for dental caries prevention.
Keywords: Dental caries, risk factors.
6. MALARIAL HEALTH CARE SUPPLIER SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF MIGRANT, MOBILE POPULATIONS IN TARGETED PROVINCES IN CENTRAL HIGHLAND, VIET NAM IN 2016
Huynh Hong Quang1, Le Thi Viet Nga1,
Ho Dac Thoan1, Nguyen Van Chuong1, Nguyen Thu Huong2
1Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology Quy Nhon, MoH
2National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Viet Nam
Abstract
The relationship between mobile and migrant population (MMPs) movement and health is a concern at global level, including Vietnam. WHO stated that mass movements within or through a malarious country in the malaria season are likely to cause an exacerbation of the disease to the extent of often precipitating a severe epidemic. A total of 244 MMPs, there was 87.3% working in forest, they often entered the forest with their family members (85.2%) with one week (42.2%), from one to two weeks (33.6%), and more than two weeks (24.2%). The MMPs have a health insurance card and routine health examination (95.1%). Almost MMPs’ respondents understood about malaria (93.9%) by television (75%), health care-providers (46.7%) and others media chanel (23.8%). They had a high knowledge on malaria burden, as prevent (84.8%) and some symptoms disease. They knew about the transmission routes by mosquito bites (97.1%), by blood transfusion (2.87%), from mother to fetus (0.82%). There were sleeping under bednets as 74.6%, applying insecticidal spraying as 20.5%, and using ITNs (18.4%), practicing of long-sleeve cloths wearing (10.6%). The MMPs brought antimalarial drugs while doingforest or moutainous farmings was not high as 19.7% only. The MMPs usually took antimalarial drugs for stand-by treatment while entering the forest themselves is very lower (as 13.9%) than no-taking drug (63.5%) and sporadic taking drug (22.5%). According to the evaluation of effective communication in malaria control, 82.8% of MMPs knew existing health workers in the place where they were living. They usually approached to VHWs while they got fever or sick (69.3%). 77% of them knew the free-of-charge malaria slide checking and 78.7% free-of-charge antimalarial drugs supplying informations while they got malaria. MMPs-malaria had two apparently unrelated regional priorities which were in fact tightly and critically coupled to one another, and in the malaria aspect, the MMPs involved in forest related activities were both at a high risk of being infected with malaria and at risk of receiving late and unproper treatment due to poor access to health services. With above data, the government should enabl to implement evidence-based malaria strategic plans, with focus on effective coverage of vector control interventions and diagnostic testing and treatment, especially in malaria elimination roadmap in Vietnam.
Key words: mobile and migrant populations, health care provider
7. EVALUATION OF ALPHA-CYPERMETHRIN RESIDUAL SPRAYING BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY AND CONE BIOASSAY IN LABORATORY
Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen¹, Dang Minh Duoc², Nguyen Thi Dung¹, Le Trung Kien¹,
Nguyen Anh Tuan¹, Luong Mai Anh3, Ho Dinh Trung¹
1 National Institue of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
2 Ha Noi Intelligent Insect Control Company
3Health Environment Management Agency, MoH
Abstract
This research contributes to establish a Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for evaluating the residue of insecticides on the wall surfaces by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC – MS), then this SOP is applied to evaluate the residue of insecticides on wall surface in laboratory. Method: After indoor residual spraying (IRS) on popular surfaces in studied areas (plaster and wood surfaces), the bio-assay and gas chromatography methods will be applied to evaluate the insecticide residue on surfaces. The results were investigated statistically by Excel 2010. Result: The results showed that the residue of Alpha-cypermethrin after 5 months IRS in the wooden was higher than the plaster (18.51/10.01mg/m2), which is effective in killing mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti) on plaster surfaces (83.3%), and wooden surfaces (86.7%).
Keywords: GC – MS, insecticide residue, Alpha-cypermethrin
8. WORM INFECTIONS AND ANEMIA IN THANH HOA AND HA GIANG PRESCHOOLCHILDREN IN 2015
Nguyen Thu Huong1, Le Thi Hong Hanh2,
Nguyen Luong Tinh1, Luong Mai Anh3, Tran Thanh Duong1 and et al.
1National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
2 National Hospital of Pediatrics,
3 Health Environment Management Agency, MoH
Abstract
Anaemia is one of the major public health problems affecting in mental and motor development in children. In order to assist kindgatem in implementing appropriate public health measures for supplying Vitamin A and deworming in the regions of Vietnam, risk factors were investigated in pre-school children. A total of 606 pre-schoolchildren aged 12-60 months old were randomly selected in a cross-sectional survey conducted in 12 randomly selected kindergarten schools for inclusion in the investigation. Diagnosis of anemia of 12-60 months old was based on hemoglobin concentration below 110g/L determined Hemoglobin and 33% Hematocrit by HemoCue meter. A fecal sample collected from them was also examined microscopically for ova and larvae of intestinal worms by Kato-Katz method. To analyze variables associated with anemia, a stepwise multiple regression model was used. Intestinal helminths were also highly prevalent (26.9%); 0.5% of the children had hookworm. The prevalence of anemia was 35.5% and anemia with worm infection was 8.6%. We therefore conclude that high prevalence of hookworm infection and nutritional deficiencies are important risk factors for anemia in this community.
Key words: anemia, helminths, hookworm, pre-schoolchildren
9. THE ROLE OF NESTED-PCR IN REAL POSITIVE CONFIRMED HUMAN PLASMODIUM SPP. IN ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIERS IN CONTEXT OF MALARIA ELIMINATION ROADMAP IN VIETNAM
Huynh Hong Quang1, Nguyen Thi Minh Trinh1, Le Thi Hong Hanh2
1Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology Quy Nhon, MoH
2 National Hospital of Pediatrics
Abstract
In line with malaria elimination roadmap, use of antimalarial drugs to target the reservoir of malaria infection is an option to reduce the malaria transmission. Recently, the evidence of asymptomatic carriers plays an important role in malaria transmission as an obstacle in malaria elimination roadmap. Clinical examination, laboratory technique-based methods with all asymptomatic carriers negative with microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests will be examined by nested-PCR technique of Georges Snounou. All data analysis showed that in Hue site, no positive cases were confirmed by 3 above different methods; in Quang Ngai site there was 1 case of positive falciparum malaria by RDTs, and 3 cases (0.7%) of positive malaria by nested-PCR (2 P. falciparum and suitable for above RDTs and 1 case of P. vivax). In Da Nang site, all of them were negative by giemsa staining slide, just only 1 case (0.3%) confirmed positive P.falciparum by RDTs and Nested-PCR. The result concordance between nested-PCR and microscopy or nested-PCR and RDTs method were high (nearly 100%). These maybe lead to the micro-epidemiology and dynamics of malaria transmission in such survey areas. These results showed the mild burden of Plasmodium spp. (including P. falciparum, P. vivax) infections and the presence of asymptomatic carriers of both these species in selected survey areas by nested-PCR technique, these were undermicroscopy by microscopists. This survey also suggests the important role of nested-PCR in real positive confirmed human Plasmodium spp. in asymptomatic carriers in context of malaria elimination roadmap in Vietnam.
Keywords: Plasmodium spp., nested-PCR, malaria elimination roadmap
10. GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN 5 (PVMSP-5) OF KOREAN ISOLATES
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi1, Nguyen Van Van2, Le Thi Hong Hanh3, Kho Weon–Gyu1
1Graduate School, Inje University;
2Quang Nam Health Department,3National Hospital of Pediatrics
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the genetic structure of PvMSP-5 gene and compare with Thai and Columbian isolates. The genomic DNA of P. vivax was extracted from 10 of vivax malaria patients in Korea. The PvMSP-5 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the T vector. The genetic structures were compared by using DNASIS MAX 3.0 software. The exon I of PvMSP-5 showed high polymorphism in all Korean isolates (SKs). Comparing with Thai isolates (TL), T insertion was found after 51th nucleotide in all SK and A, and (G/C) insertion after 62 th and 132th respectively. SKs were divided into two groups, SK type I and SK type II, depending on TAG insertion after 355 th nucleotide. The nucleotide sequence in the intron and exon II was conserved. The genetic polymorphism of PvMSP-5 among Korean isolates was limited in exon I. There are two types of exon I within Korean isolates with the insertion of TAG nucleotide sequence. Intron was conserved. Exon II was highly conserved with some SNPs among CL, TL and SK. Genetic distance of Type II SK PvMSP-5 was close with CL or TL. More studies with various isolates from different regions in the world might be needed to evaluate the potential of this antigen for vaccine candidate.
Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium vivax, Merozoite surface protein-5 (Pv MSP-5)
11. GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF Plasmodium vivax AT DAK O COMMUNE, BU GIA MAP, BINH PHUOC PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Tuan, Nguyen Thi Tra
Nguyen Thi Huong Binh and Truong Van Hanh
National Institue of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
Abstract
The Genotype CSP, MSP1 and MSP3α of P. vivax at Dak O commune, Bu Gia Map district, Binh Phuoc province studied by nested PCR-RFLP method. The result showed high polymorphism of these genes, with 32% isolates multi infection of genotypes. There were 2 genotypes VK210 and VK247 for CSP. In which type VK210 were 42.31%, with 11 allele variants, type VK247 were 42.31%, with 9 allele variants. There were 8 allele variants of fragments 1 (F1) and 5 allele variants of fragments 3 (F3) for MSP1. There were 3 genotypes A, B and C for MSP3α. In which type A were 38.46%, with 6 allele variants, type B were 7.69%, with 2 allele variants, type C were 30.77%, with 4 allele variants, mix genotypes were 23.08%.
Key word: Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms. Circum Sporozoit Protein, Merozoit Surface Protein - 1, Merozoit Surface Protein 3α.
12. HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PLASMODIUM VIVAX MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN 5 (PVMSP-5)
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi1, Nguyen Van Van2,
Le Thi Hong Hanh3, Kho Weon–Gyu1
1Graduate School, Inje University, 2Quang Nam Health Department,
3National Hospital of Pediatrics
Abstract
The conserved domain contains the regions known as epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domain, which can be recognized by the host antibodies. The goal of the present study is to investigate the humoral immune response of the PvMSP-5. The genomic DNA of P. vivax was extracted from 10 of vivax malaria patients in Korea. To evaluate the humoral immune response, part of recombinant PvMSP-5 was expressed and purified with native condition. Protein expression and purification was assessed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The humoral immune response against the recombinant PvMSP-5 was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result of ELISA was evaluated by Grapad prism software. The sensitivity of the recombinant PvMSP-5 against the infected sera had 96.67% and 90% of specificity showed in Korea. The 96.7% of infected sera responded to the recombinant PvMSP-5. Limited genetic diversity of PvMSP-5 and high immune response against PvMSP-5 could explain that the PvMSP-5 has a potential to become a vaccine candidate antigen for vivax malaria. More studies with various isolates from different regions in the world might be needed to evaluate the potential of this antigen for vaccine candidate.
Keywords: Plasmodium vivax, Vaccine candidate antigen, Merozoite surface protein-5.
13. PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTION AMONG HAIPHONG SUBURBAN, 2015
Dinh Thi Thanh Mai et al.
Haiphong University of Medical and Pharmacy
Abstract
Vietnam is still endemic for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. However, knowledge gaps remain in terms of risk factors involved in STH transmission and infection intensity. Objectives focus on determining the prevalence of STH infections in participants living in rural Tu Son commune, Kien Thuy district, Haiphong city. Additionally, to investigate risk factors associated with STH infections. A cross-sectional study was done among rural people from January 2015 to May 2015. Demographic and epidemiological data were obtained and STH infections were determined using Kato-Katz method. A total of 1,071 participants from 6 to 70 years old completed the study. Overall and specific prevalences for STHs, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were 42.6%, 21.6%, 16.9% and 6.5%, respectively. Some risk factors associated with STH transmission and infection intensity were recomeded at the individual and familial level as well as occupation, education level, the habit of using fresh fertilizer in farming and using sanitary latrines at the community. Improving hygienic conditions and providing semi-annual deworming treatment are feasible interventions that could enhance undergoing STH control activities.
Key word: risk factors, soil-transmitted helminth, community, Haiphong
14. A COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY APPROACH TO A HEPATITIS B HEALTH EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION IN TIEN GIANG PROVINCE
Ta Van Tram1, Pham The Hien2
1 Tien Giang Hospital, 2 Tra Vinh University
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is commonly associated with knowledge toward prevention of HBV infection. Objective: To evaluate the impact of health education intervention on improving knowledge, attitude toward the prevention of HBV infection in Tien Giang community. Community-based intervention study conducted 18 months of health education. The results: After interventions, the study results were presented as follows: the ratio of positive HBsAg, HBc and HBs in the intervention group was 10.3%, 55.9% and 53.4%. in control group was 10.8%, 59.7% and 57.6%. The difference between the two groups is no statistical significance with p > 0.05, respectively. The percentage of receiving HBV information was elevated in two groups as 51,4% % up to 85,6% % and 43,3% to 66,2%, respectively. The percentage of knowledge, awareness about morbidity and mortality of HBV infection as well as the percentage of HBV vaccine were significantly increased. Health education intervention effectively increased Tien Giang community’s knowledge about the prevention of HBV infection.
Keywords: Health education, HBV infection, Tien Giang